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Impressionists
Claude Monet (1840-1926);
see also Impressionist
Claude Monet.
Founder of Impressionist plein-air painting.
Camille Pissarro
(1830-1903)
Outstanding cityscape and landscape painter.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
Finest exponent of 'dappled light' in Impressionist movement.
Alfred Sisley (1839-1899)
Like Monet, a pure Impressionist specializing in landscapes.
Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
The greatest figure painter of French Impressionism.
Edouard Manet (1832-83);
see also Impressionist
Edouard Manet.
Father of modern painting in France.
Berthe Morisot
(1841-95)
Leading female Impressionist; sister-in-law of Manet.
Mary Cassatt (1845-1926)
American Impressionist artist, noted for 'mother and child' paintings.
Post-Impressionists
James Abbott McNeill Whistler
(1834-1903)
Member of the Aesthetic Movement: noted for his "Nocturnes"
and etchings.
Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)
Arguably the greatest of all Post-Impressionist
painters, precursor of Cubism.
Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
Outstanding colourist, influenced Synthetism, Cloisonism and Primitivism.
Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890)
Founder of modern Expressionism.
Georges Seurat
(1859-1891)
Founder of Neo-Impressionist art: colour theories of Pointillism &
Divisionism.
Paul Signac (1863-1935)
Leader of Neo-Impressionism after Seurat; developed Chromoluminarism.
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
(1864-1901)
Genre painter, printmaker, draftsman and illustrator.
Pierre Bonnard
(1867-1947)
Post-Impressionist painter, famous for his colourism and intimate interiors.
Edouard Vuillard
(1868-1940)
Co-founder of Intimism: noted for genre-paintings of intimate interiors.
P.S. Kroyer (1851-1909)
Norwegian-born post-Impressionist landscape painter.
Vilhelm Hammershoi
(1864-1916)
Danish Intimist genre-painter of muted interiors in blues and greys.
Russian
School of Painting
Ivan Shishkin (1832-98)
Forest/woodland landscape artist. See also: Russian
Artists (1300-present).
Vasily Perov (1833-82)
Critical realism-style genre painter.
Ivan Kramskoy (1837-1887)
Foremost portraitist of 19th century Russia. Noted for Leo Tolstoy
(1873).
Konstantin Savitsky
(1844-1905)
Critical realist genre painter.
Vasily Polenov
(1844-1927)
Landscape painter, also noted for biblical paintings.
Ilya Repin (1844-1930)
The finest Russian/Ukrainian realist genre-painter and portraitist.
Vasily Surikov
(1848-1916)
Russia's greatest history painter of the 19th century.
Mikhail Vrubel
(1856-1910)
Symbolist painter, noted for his Demon paintings and mosaic-like
brushwork.
Isaac Levitan (1860-1900)
Landscape painter: master of light and colour.
Abram Arkhipov
(1862-1930)
Socially aware genre painter, in the critical realist style.
Valentin Serov
(1865-1911)
Greatest Russian Impressionist portrait painter.
Primitive/Fantasy
Art
Paul Klee (1879–1940)
Expressionist, surrealist painter/graphic artist noted for his dreamlike
imagery.
Henri Rousseau
(1844-1910) (Le Douanier)
Naive painter, noted for The Sleeping Gypsy and exotic landscapes.
Marc Chagall (1887-1985)
Prolific, versatile Jewish-Russian painter, lithographer, stained glass
artist.
Art Nouveau/Poster
Designers
Jules Cheret (1836-1932)
Inventor of "3-stone chromolithographs"; pioneer of advertising
poster art.
Alphonse Mucha
(1860-1939)
Epitomizes Art Nouveau graphic art - posters, illustrations; painted Slav
Epic.
Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)
Leader of Viennese Secessionist movement, noted for his art nouveau style,
and paintings using mosaic & gold, like The Kiss, Portrait
of Adele Bloch-Bauer.
Aubrey Beardsley
(1872-98)
Art Nouveau illustrator, known for illustrations of Salome and
Morte d'Arthur.
Leonetto Cappiello
(1875-1942)
Caricaturist, lithographer, poster designer noted for his functionalism.
20th
Century Painters
See also: Twentieth
Century Painters.
Fauvists
Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
Founder of Fauvism and leading colourist in modern art. He remained obsessed
with colour in painting all his life.
Andre Derain (1880-1954)
Member of Ecole de Paris, friend of Fauvist
painters like Matisse, De Vlaminck.
Expressionists
Arnold Bocklin
(1827-1901)
Symbolist painter from Switzerland, best known for Island of the Dead.
Lovis Corinth (1858-1925)
German modern artist, famous both for his Impressionism and Expressionism.
Edvard Munch (1863-1944)
Norwegian Expressionist painter, famous for The Scream.
Alexei von Jawlensky
(1864-1941)
Russian colourist of Der Blaue Reiter group, noted for his portraits
(Heads)
Wassily Kandinsky
(1866-1944)
Russian painter and art theorist, founder of Der Blaue Reiter art
movement.
Emil Nolde (1867-1956)
Powerful expressionist artist, flower painter, printmaker (woodcuts).
Georges Rouault
(1871-1958)
French expressionist painter, known for his oils, gouache, and watercolours.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
(1880-1938)
Member of the Die Brucke art group, a precursor of German Expressionism.
Franz Marc (1880-1916)
Leading member of The Blue Rider group of expressionist painters.
Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920)
Most powerful exponent of 20th century Expressionism in Paris.
Max Beckmann (1884-1950)
Member of New Objectivity group (Neue Sachlichkeit). Powerful self-portraits.
Oskar Kokoschka
(1886-1980)
Portraitist, landscape artist; one of the longest-lived expressionist
painters.
Kurt Schwitters
(1887-1948)
German Dada artist noted for his "Merz" collage art, multi-media
"Merzbau".
Egon Schiele (1890-1918)
Short-lived but outrageously talented figure-painter.
Otto Dix (1891-1969)
Powerful anti-war painter, portraitist. Member of New Objectivity group.
Chaim Soutine (1893–1943)
Expressionist painter from Russia; active in Paris; noted for figurative
painting.
George Grosz (1893–1959)
Berlin Dadaist, expressionist painter, member of Neue Sachlichkeit.
Cubists
Georges Braque
(1882-1963)
Co-founder of Analytical and Synthetic Cubism.
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
Co-founder of Cubism, leading expressionist-style artist of 20th century.
Juan Gris (1887-1927)
One of the great Cubist painters
and the movement's leading theorist.
Fernand Leger (1881-1955)
Fourth Cubist, socialist painter, muralist, stained glass and textile
artist.
Robert Delaunay
(1885-1941)
Abstract painter, founder of Orphism (Orphic Cubism) or Simultanism.
Marcel Duchamp
(1887-1968)
Also a pioneer of Dada and Object Art, from which Conceptual Art emerged.
20th Century Realism
Edward Hopper (1882-1967)
American realist painter, noted for his narrative urban genre-paintings.
Grant Wood (1892-1942)
Realist painter from Iowa, noted for his mid-West landscapes and portraits.
Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009)
Realist tempera painter and watercolourist from Pennsylvania.
Norman Rockwell
(1894-1978)
American Saturday Evening Post illustrator, subject-painter and
portraitist.
Lucian Freud (b.1922)
British realist noted for his understated masterpieces of figurative art.
Metaphysical
Painting
Giorgio De Chirico
(1888-1978)
Italian artist, co-inventor with Carlo Carra of Pittura Metafisica.
Giorgio Morandi
(1890-1964)
Minimalist still life painter.
Surrealists
Max Ernst (1891-1976)
Ex-Dada artist, painter, sculptor, inventor of frottage and decalcomania.
Joan Miro (1893-1983)
Spanish surrealist painter: ceramicist, printmaker and stained glass artist.
Rene Magritte (1898-1967)
Belgian classical painter, member of Magic Realism and Surrealism movements.
Salvador Dali (1904-89)
Spanish painter, one of the most famous surrealist
artists.
Geometric Abstraction
Kasimir Malevich
(1878-1935)
Cubist, founder of Suprematism. One of the pioneer abstract
painters.
Piet Mondrian (1872-1944)
Member of De Stijl movement, noted for geometric abstract paintings.
Josef Albers (1888-1976)
Bauhaus teacher, painter noted for Homage to the Square paintings.
Bridget Riley (b.1931)
Leader of British Op-Art movement, a form of geometric abstract art.
Sean Scully (b.1945)
Renowned for large-scale elemental shapes.
Abstract Expressionists
Mark Rothko (1903-70)
Latvian-American abstract painter, co-founder of Colour Field painting.
Clyfford Still
(1904-1980)
American artist, co-founder with Rothko/Newman of Colour Field painting.
Willem De Kooning
(1904-97)
One of the most influential figures in American Abstract Expressionism.
Jackson Pollock
(1912-56)
Founder of 'action-painting', variant of Abstract Expressionism in USA.
Robert Motherwell
(1915-91)
Painter, collagist, lithographer, famous for Elegy to the Spanish Republic.
Pop Artists
Roy Lichtenstein
(1923-97)
Creator of comic-strip style, benday dot paintings, like "Wham!"
Andy Warhol (1928-87)
Founder of Pop-Art movement, noted for screenprints & popular imagery.
Robert Rauschenberg
(1925-2008)
Noted for his "Combines", collages, assemblages and conceptualism.
Jasper Johns (b.1930)
Painter, sculptor, lithographer, collage & multi-media artist; Neo-Dada.
David Hockney (b.1937)
English Pop artist, noted for portraits, etchings and photo-collages.
Contemporary Artists
Diego Rivera (1886-1957)
Greatest Mexican fresco mural painter, with David Siqueiros and Jose Orozco.
Georgia O'Keeffe
(1887-1986)
American artist, flower-painter; urban landscapes; wife of Alfred Stieglitz.
L.S. Lowry
(1887-1976)
English genre-painter and urban cityscape artist noted for "matchstick
men".
Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985)
French experimental painter, portraitist, Art Brut collector.
Ansel Adams (1902-84)
America's greatest landscape-photographer.
Frida Kahlo (1907-1954)
Mexican surrealist self portraitist, wife of Diego Rivera.
Balthus (Balthazar Klossowski
de Rola) (1908-2001)
Surrealist-style figurative painter, best known for pictures of young
girls.
Francis Bacon (1909-92)
Noted for his grotesque imagery and surrealistic-style compositions.
Karel Appel (1921-2006)
Dutch abstract painter, gesturalist; member of Art Informel &
Tachisme.
Frank Auerbach
(b.1931)
British semi-abstract portrait painter, noted for heavily impastoed paintings.
Fernando Botero
(b.1932)
Columbian artist, leading South American painter noted for obese figures.
Chuck Close (b.1940)
Leader of American photorealism style, noted for gigantic self-portraits.
Richard Estes (b.1932)
US superrealist painter of urban architecture.
Jack Vettriano
(b.1951)
Populist British genre-painter, noted for The Singing Butler.
Damien Hirst (b.1965)
Leader of Young British Artists, noted for sculpture and installations,
like: A Thousand Years (1989), The Physical Impossibility of
Death in the Mind of Someone Living (1991), and For The Love of
God (2007).
Tracey Emin (b.1963)
British multimedia postmodernist artist, noted for My Bed (1998).
For details of other top 21st century
painters and sculptors, see Contemporary
Artists: Top 20 and Turner
Prize Winners.
Paintings by the artists listed above hang
in most of the best art museums and galleries
of the world, such as the Hermitage Museum (St Petersburg), the Louvre
(Paris), Musee d'Orsay, Tate Collection London, Metropolitan Museum of
Art, the Guggenheim, the Museum of Modern Art (all New York), the Pinakothek
in Munich, the Prado in Madrid and the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
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