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Impressionists
Eugene Boudin (1824-98)
Influential forerunner of Impressionism; taught Monet plein air
painting.
Edouard Manet (1832-83)
Father of modern painting in France; one of the first great modern
artists.
Claude Monet (1840-1926)
Founder of Impressionistic plein-air painting.
Camille Pissarro
(1830-1903)
Outstanding cityscape and landscape painter.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir (1841-1919)
Finest exponent of 'dappled light' in Impressionist movement.
Alfred Sisley (1839-1899)
Like Monet, a pure Impressionist specializing in landscapes.
Edgar Degas (1834-1917)
The greatest figure painter of French Impressionism.
Berthe Morisot
(1841-95)
Leading female Impressionist; sister-in-law of Manet.
Gustave Caillebotte
(1848-94)
Rich Impressionist, best known for Paris: A Rainy Day and his art
collection.
Mary Cassatt (1845-1926)
American Impressionist artist, noted for 'mother and child' paintings.
Anders Zorn (1860-1920)
Famous Impressionist portrait painter from Sweden, best known for his
nudes.
Post-Impressionists
James Abbott McNeill Whistler
(1834-1903)
Member of the Aesthetic Movement: noted for his "Nocturnes"
and etchings.
Paul Cezanne (1839-1906)
Arguably the greatest of all Post-Impressionist
painters, precursor of Cubism.
Paul Gauguin (1848-1903)
Outstanding colourist, influenced Synthetism, Cloisonism and Primitivism.
Vincent Van Gogh (1853-1890)
Founder of modern Expressionism.
Georges Seurat
(1859-1891)
Founder of Neo-Impressionist art: colour theories of Pointillism &
Divisionism.
Walter Sickert
(1860-1942)
Greatest British Post-Impressionist painter. Founded Camden Town Group.
Paul Signac (1863-1935)
Leader of Neo-Impressionism after Seurat; developed Chromoluminarism.
Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec
(1864-1901)
Genre painter, printmaker, draftsman and illustrator.
Paul Serusier (1864-1927)
Gauguin follower, founder of Nabis, noted for The Talisman &
his religious art.
Pierre Bonnard
(1867-1947)
Post-Impressionist painter, famous for his colourism and intimate interiors.
Edouard Vuillard
(1868-1940)
Co-founder of Intimism: noted for genre-paintings of intimate interiors.
P.S. Kroyer (1851-1909)
Norwegian-born post-Impressionist landscape painter.
Vilhelm Hammershoi
(1864-1916)
Danish Intimist genre-painter of muted interiors in blues and greys.
Maurice Utrillo
(1883-1955)
French painter, noted for picture postcard views of Parisian streets.
Russian
School of Painting
Ivan Shishkin (1832-98)
Forest/woodland landscape artist. See also: Russian
Artists (1300-present).
Vasily Perov (1833-82)
Critical realism-style genre painter.
Ivan Kramskoy (1837-1887)
Foremost portraitist of 19th century Russia. Noted for Leo Tolstoy
(1873).
Konstantin Savitsky
(1844-1905)
Critical realist genre painter.
Vasily Polenov
(1844-1927)
Landscape painter, also noted for biblical paintings.
Ilya Repin (1844-1930)
The finest Russian/Ukrainian realist genre-painter and portraitist.
Vasily Surikov
(1848-1916)
Russia's greatest history painter of the 19th century.
Mikhail Vrubel
(1856-1910)
Symbolist painter, noted for his Demon paintings and mosaic-like
brushwork.
Isaac Levitan (1860-1900)
Landscape painter: master of light and colour.
Abram Arkhipov
(1862-1930)
Socially aware genre painter, in the critical realist style.
Valentin Serov
(1865-1911)
Greatest Russian Impressionist portrait painter.
Primitive/Fantasy
Art
Paul Klee (1879–1940)
Expressionist, surrealist painter/graphic artist noted for his dreamlike
imagery.
Henri Rousseau
(1844-1910) (Le Douanier)
Naive painter, noted for The Sleeping Gypsy and exotic landscapes.
Marc Chagall (1887-1985)
Prolific, versatile Jewish-Russian painter, lithographer, stained glass
artist.
Art Nouveau/Poster
Designers
Jules Cheret (1836-1932)
Inventor of "3-stone chromolithographs"; pioneer of advertising
poster art.
Alphonse Mucha
(1860-1939)
Epitomizes Art Nouveau graphic art - posters, illustrations; painted Slav
Epic.
Gustav Klimt (1862-1918)
Leader of Viennese Secessionist movement, noted for his art nouveau style,
and paintings using mosaic & gold, like The Kiss, Portrait
of Adele Bloch-Bauer.
Aubrey Beardsley
(1872-98)
Art Nouveau illustrator, known for illustrations of Salome and
Morte d'Arthur.
Leonetto Cappiello
(1875-1942)
Caricaturist, lithographer, poster designer noted for his functionalism.
20th
Century Painters
See also: Twentieth
Century Painters.
Fauvists
Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
Founder of Fauvism and leading colourist in modern art. He remained obsessed
with colour all his life.
Albert Marquet
(1875-1947)
Specialized in watery landscapes of River Seine, ports etc. Impressionist
style.
Maurice de Vlaminck
(1876-1958)
Self-taught colourist painter, influenced by Van Gogh and later Cezanne.
Raoul Dufy (1877-1953)
French Impressionist/Fauvist painter noted for his colourism & mural
paintings.
Kees van Dongen
(1877-1968)
Dutch Fauvist, member of Dresden Die Brucke expressionist group,
portraitist.
Andre Derain (1880-1954)
Member of Ecole de Paris, friend of Fauvist
painters like Matisse, De Vlaminck.
Expressionists
Arnold Bocklin
(1827-1901)
Symbolist painter from Switzerland, best known for Island of the Dead.
Lovis Corinth (1858-1925)
German modern artist, famous both for his Impressionism and Expressionism.
Edvard Munch (1863-1944)
Norwegian Expressionist painter, famous for The Scream.
Alexei von Jawlensky
(1864-1941)
Russian colourist of Der Blaue Reiter group, noted for his portraits
(Heads)
Wassily Kandinsky
(1866-1944)
Russian painter and art theorist, founder of Der Blaue Reiter art
movement.
Emil Nolde (1867-1956)
Powerful expressionist artist, flower painter, printmaker (woodcuts).
Frank Kupka (1871-1957)
Czech abstract painter, based in Paris, noted for his non-objecrtive colourism.
Georges Rouault
(1871-1958)
French expressionist painter, known for his oils, gouache, and watercolours.
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
(1880-1938)
Member of the Die Brucke art group, a precursor of German Expressionism.
Franz Marc (1880-1916)
Leading member of The Blue Rider group of expressionist painters.
Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920)
Most powerful exponent of 20th century Expressionism in Paris.
Max Beckmann (1884-1950)
Member of New Objectivity group (Neue Sachlichkeit). Powerful self-portraits.
Karl Schmidt-Rottluff
(1884-1976)
Member of Die Brucke, noted for his woodcuts, landscapes and portrait
art.
Oskar Kokoschka
(1886-1980)
Portraitist, landscape artist; one of the longest-lived expressionist
painters.
Kurt Schwitters
(1887-1948)
German Dada artist noted for his "Merz" collage art, multi-media
"Merzbau".
Egon Schiele (1890-1918)
Short-lived but outrageously talented figure-painter.
Otto Dix (1891-1969)
Powerful anti-war painter, portraitist. Member of New Objectivity group.
Chaim Soutine (1893–1943)
Expressionist painter from Russia; active in Paris; noted for figurative
painting.
George Grosz (1893–1959)
Berlin Dadaist, expressionist painter, member of Neue Sachlichkeit.
Cubists
Francis Picabia
(1879-1953)
Avant-garde Cubist painter, later Dadaist and member of Surrealism.
Georges Braque
(1882-1963)
Co-founder of Analytical and Synthetic Cubism.
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
Co-founder of Cubism, leading expressionist-style artist of 20th century.
Juan Gris (1887-1927)
One of the great Cubist painters
and the movement's leading theorist.
Fernand Leger (1881-1955)
Fourth Cubist, socialist painter, muralist, stained glass and textile
artist.
Robert Delaunay
(1885-1941)
Abstract painter, founder of Orphism (Orphic Cubism) or Simultanism.
Marcel Duchamp
(1887-1968)
Also a pioneer of Dada and Object Art, from which Conceptual Art emerged.
20th Century Realism
Robert Henri (1865-1929)
Realist New York painter, leader of The Group of Eight and Ashcan
School.
George Wesley Bellows
(1882-1925)
Ashcan school urban painter noted for sports pictures, A Stag at Sharkey's.
Edward Hopper (1882-1967)
American realist painter, noted for his narrative urban genre-paintings.
Thomas Hart Benton
(1889-1975)
Realist artist, exponent of American Scene Painting and Regionalism.
Grant Wood (1892-1942)
Realist painter from Iowa, noted for his mid-West landscapes and portraits.
Norman Rockwell
(1894-1978)
American Saturday Evening Post illustrator, subject-painter and
portraitist.
Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009)
Realist tempera painter and watercolourist from Pennsylvania.
Lucian Freud (1922-2011)
British realist noted for his understated masterpieces of figurative art.
Italian Metaphysical Painting
Giorgio De Chirico
(1888-1978)
Italian artist, co-inventor with Carlo Carra of Pittura Metafisica.
Giorgio Morandi
(1890-1964)
Minimalist still life painter.
Art Deco
Tamara de Lempicka
(c.1895-1980)
Polish-Russian society portraitist, active in Paris.
Surrealists
Paul Nash (1889-1946)
Leader of English surrealism; War Artist, watercolourist, book illustrator.
Man Ray (1890-1976)
Dada artist, active in Paris; noted for Surrealist photography & junk
art.
Max Ernst (1891-1976)
Ex-Dada artist, painter, sculptor, inventor of frottage and decalcomania.
Joan Miro (1893-1983)
Spanish surrealist painter: ceramicist, printmaker and stained glass artist.
Paul Delvaux (1897-1994)
Surrealist painter, famous for his Magic Realism and female nudes.
Rene Magritte (1898-1967)
Belgian classical painter, member of Magic Realism and Surrealism movements.
Salvador Dali (1904-89)
Spanish painter, one of the most famous surrealist
artists.
Geometric Abstraction
Kasimir Malevich
(1878-1935)
Cubist, founder of Suprematism. One of the pioneer abstract
painters.
Piet Mondrian (1872-1944)
Member of De Stijl movement, noted for geometric abstract paintings.
Theo van Doesburg
(1883-1931)
Abstract artist; painter, designer. Leading member of Dutch De Stijl
group.
Josef Albers (1888-1976)
Bauhaus teacher, painter noted for Homage to the Square paintings.
Victor Vasarely
(1906-1997)
Hungarian painter, graphic designer; founder of Op-Art, explored Kineticism.
Bridget Riley (b.1931)
Leader of British Op-Art movement, a form of geometric abstract art.
Sean Scully (b.1945)
Renowned for large-scale elemental shapes.
Abstract Expressionists
Mark Tobey (1890-1976)
Noted for his White Writing, a form of calligraphic gesturalism;
tachisme art.
Mark Rothko (1903-70)
Latvian-American abstract painter, co-founder of Colour Field painting.
Arshile Gorky (1904-48)
Last surrealist, first abstract expressionist; influenced De Kooning.
Clyfford Still
(1904-1980)
American artist, co-founder with Rothko/Newman of Colour Field painting.
Willem De Kooning
(1904-97)
Noted for his gesturalism and "Woman" series.
Barnett Newman
(1905-70)
Colour Field Painter. Pioneer influence on Post-Painterly Abstraction.
Lee Krasner (1908-84)
Wife of Jackson Pollock; her drip-paintings predated his 'action-painting'.
Franz Kline (1910-1962)
Famous for gestural action-painting & calligraphic black-and-white
pictures.
Jackson Pollock
(1912-56)
Founder of 'action-painting', variant of Abstract Expressionism in USA.
Nicolas de Stael
(1914-1955)
Russian-French abstract painter noted for his colourism & Lyrical
Abstraction.
Robert Motherwell
(1915-91)
Painter, collagist, lithographer, famous for Elegy to the Spanish Republic.
Sam Francis (1923-1994)
American painter, member of Tachisme & Lyrical Abstraction
movements.
Kenneth Noland
(b.1924)
Associated with Hard Edge Painting, Minimalism & Post-Painterly Abstraction.
Helen Frankenthaler
(b.1928)
Founder of colour stain painting, a variant of drip-painting.
Frank Stella (b.1936)
Minimalist, Hard-Edge painter, noted for his shaped canvases and printmaking.
Pop Artists
Roy Lichtenstein
(1923-97)
Creator of comic-strip style, benday dot paintings, like "Wham!"
Andy Warhol (1928-87)
Founder of Pop-Art movement, noted for screenprints & popular imagery.
Robert Rauschenberg
(1925-2008)
Noted for his "Combines", collages, assemblages and conceptualism.
Jasper Johns (b.1930)
Painter, sculptor, lithographer, collage & multi-media artist; Neo-Dada.
David Hockney (b.1937)
English Pop artist, noted for portraits, etchings and photo-collages.
Contemporary Painters
Marsden Hartley
(1877-1943)
American painter, best known for abstract Cubist/Expressionist war portraits.
Diego Rivera (1886-1957)
Greatest Mexican fresco mural painter, with David Siqueiros and Jose Orozco.
Georgia O'Keeffe
(1887-1986)
American artist, flower-painter; urban landscapes; wife of Alfred Stieglitz.
L.S. Lowry
(1887-1976)
English genre-painter and urban cityscape artist noted for "matchstick
men".
Jean Dubuffet (1901-1985)
French experimental painter, portraitist, Art Brut collector.
Frida Kahlo (1907-1954)
Mexican surrealist self portraitist, wife of Diego Rivera.
Balthus (Balthazar Klossowski
de Rola) (1908-2001)
Surrealist-style figurative painter, best known for pictures of young
girls.
Francis Bacon (1909-92)
Noted for his grotesque imagery and surrealistic-style compositions.
Agnes Martin (1912-2004)
American Minimalist painter; hand-drawn pencil grids on gesso, acrylics/oils.
Wols: Alfred Otto Wolfgang
Schulze (1913-51)
German painter, member of Art Informel, Tachisme and Lyrical
Abstraction.
Asger Jorn (1914-73)
Danish gesturalist painter, founder of COBRA group, linked to Art Informel.
Karel Appel (1921-2006)
Dutch abstract painter, gesturalist; member of Art Informel &
Tachisme.
Antoni Tapies (b.1923)
Spanish abstract artist; mixed media Matter Painting style of Art
Informel.
Yves Klein (1928-62)
Pioneer of contemporary performance art, patented the colour International
Klein Blue (IKB) and founded Anthropometry painting. Refreshingly
original, in the Dada tradition, and one of the first authentic postmodernist
artists.
Frank Auerbach
(b.1931)
British semi-abstract portrait painter, noted for heavily impastoed paintings.
Fernando Botero
(b.1932)
Columbian artist, leading South American painter noted for obese figures.
Richard Estes (b.1932)
US superrealist painter of urban architecture.
Robert Smithson
(1938-1973)
Painter, sculptor, installation and land artist; noted for large earthworks.
Georg Baselitz
(b.1938)
German Neo-Expressionist painter, famous for his upside down paintings.
Chuck Close (b.1940)
Leader of American photorealism style, noted for gigantic self-portraits.
Jack Vettriano
(b.1951)
Populist British genre-painter, noted for The Singing Butler.
Jean-Michel Basquiat
(1960-88)
New York graffiti artist, noted for his urban neo-expressionism.
Damien Hirst (b.1965)
Leader of Young British Artists, best-known for his installations, like
A Thousand Years (1989), The Physical Impossibility of Death
in the Mind of Someone Living (1991), and his 'sculpture' For The
Love of God (2007).
Tracey Emin (b.1963)
British multimedia postmodernist artist, noted for My Bed (1998).
Banksy (b.1973-4)
Postmodernist graffiti stencil painter, street sculptor, installation
artist.
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