Painters of the 20th Century
Twentieth Century Artists: Modernist Painting Movements, Postmodernist Art Styles.
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EVOLUTION OF VISUAL ART
For details of art movements
and styles, see: History of Art.

Painters of the 20th Century

The twentieth century was the stage for some of the greatest visual artists in history. Except for Impressionism, it witnessed all the influential movements of modern art (modernism), plus the more fragmented styles of contemporary art (postmodernism). From the most vivid colourism (Fauvism, Expressionism) to revolutionary intellectual painting (Cubism, Constructivism) and political art, (Entartete Kunst, Socialist Realism), the period gave rise to a wealth of Schools, theories and aesthetics. Although the number of abstract painters increased substantially from the late 1900s onwards - in the form of avant-garde Cubists, Suprematists, the De Stijl movement, Abstract Expressionism and the Minimalists - figurative artists continued to develop new techniques and methods. Mural painting enjoyed a Renaissance in Mexico; urban and social scenery were central to the Ashcan School, the Social Realists, Precisionists and Graffiti artists; while the Surrealists, the Beaux Arts Quartet, the London School and the Photorealists all sought to express their own form of figuration. And of course there were the anti-art Dadaists to challenge all conventional aesthetics!

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sculptors: Best Artists of All Time.

List of 20th Century Painters

Here is a quick reference guide to the most famous painters of the period. A few individuals are listed under more than one style.

Expressionist Art (1900 onwards)
Lovis Corinth (1858-1925)
Peter Vilhelm Ilsted (1861-1933)
Edvard Munch (1863-1944)
Oskar Kokoschka (1886-1980)
Egon Schiele (1890-1918)
Constant Permeke (1886-1952)
Gustave de Smet (1877-1943)
Emil Filla (1882-1953)
Bela Czobel (1883-1976)
Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz (1885-1939)
L.S. Lowry (1887-1973)
See also: Expressionist Painters.

Ashcan School, New York (1900-1920)
Ashcan School (New York c.1892-1919)
Arthur B. Davies (1862-1928)
William J Glackens (1870-1938)
Robert Henri (1865-1929)
Ernest Lawson (1873-1939)
George Luks (1867-1933)
Maurice Prendergast (1858-1924)
Everett Shinn (1876-1953)
John Sloan (1871-1951)
Edward Hopper (1882-1967)
George Wesley Bellows (1882-1925)
Jerome Myers (1867-1940)

Fauvist Artists (Paris, c.1905-7)
Henri Matisse (1869-1954)
Maurice de Vlaminck (1876-1958)
Andre Derain (1880-1954)
Albert Marquet (1875-1947)
Georges Rouault (1871-1958)
Raoul Dufy (1877-1953)
Kees van Dongen (1877-1968)
Georges Braque (1882-1963)
Othon Friesz (1879-1949)
Jean Puy (1876-1960)
Louis Valtat (1869-1952)
Charles Camoin (1879-1964)
Henri-Charles Manguin (1874-1949)
See also: Fauvist Painters.

Die Brucke (Bridge) (1905-13) Dresden
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner (1880-1938)
Karl Schmidt-Rottluff (1884-1976)
Erich Heckel (1883-1970)
Emil Nolde (1867-1956)
Max Pechstein (1881-1955)

Cubism (1908-12) (Analytical Cubism, Synthetic Cubism)
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
Georges Braque (1882-1963)
Juan Gris (1887-1927)
Fernand Leger (1881-1955)
Albert Gleizes (1881-1953)
Jean Metzinger (1883-1957)
Roger de la Fresnaye (1885-1925)
Andre Lhote (1885-1962)
Lyonel Feininger (1871-1956)
Louis Marcoussis (Ludwig Markus) (1878-1941)
See also: Cubist Painters.

Futurist Painters (1909-1914)
Giacomo Balla (1871-1958)
Gino Severini (1883-1966)
Luigi Russolo (1885-1947)
Ardengo Soffici (1879-1964)
Giovanni Papini (1881-1956)
Fortunato Depero (1892-1960)
Enrico Pampolini (1894-1956)
Vladimir Mayakovsky (1893-1930)
See also: Futurism Art and Artists.

Paris School (1910-25)
Pierre Bonnard (1867-1947)
Edouard Vuillard (1868-1940)
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973)
Amedeo Modigliani (1884-1920)
Marc Chagall (1887-1985)
Chaim Soutine (1893–1943)
Balthus - Count Balthazar Klossowski de Rola - (1908-2001)
See also: Ecole de Paris: Art and Artists.

Der Blaue Reiter (Blue Rider) (1911-14) Munich
Wassily Kandinsky (1866-1944)
Alexei von Jawlensky (1864-1941)
Franz Marc (1880-1916)
Paul Klee (1879-1940)
Gabriele Munter (1877-1962)
August Macke (1887-1914)

Rayonism (Luchizm) (1912-14)
Natalia Goncharova (1881-1962)
Mikhail Larionov (1881-1964)
David Burliuk (1882-1967)
Vladimir Burliuk (1886-1916)
See also: Rayonism Art and Artists.

Synchromism (1912-14, Paris)
Morgan Russell (1883-1953)
Stanton MacDonald-Wright (1890-1973)
Patrick Henry Bruce (1880-1937)

Orphism (Orphic Cubism/ Simultanism) (1912-16)
Robert Delaunay (1885-1941)
Sonia Delaunay-Terk (1885-1979)
Frantisek Kupka (1871-1957)
See also: Orphism Movement.

Vorticism (British Cubist Painters) (c.1913-15)
(Percy) Wyndham Lewis (1882-1957)
CRW Nevinson (1889-1946)
Edward Wadsworth (1889-1949)
David Bomberg (1890-1957)
William Roberts (1895-1980)
See also: Cubism.

Suprematism (1913-1920s)
Kasimir Malevich (1878-1935)
Ivan Vaslievich Kliun (1873-1943)
Kseniya Boguslavskaya (1892-1972)
Ilya Chashnik
Aleksandra Ekster
Anna Kagan
Ivan Kliun
Olga Rozanova
Nikolai Suetin
Nadezhda Udaltsova

Dada Movement (Europe, 1916-1924)
Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)
Francis Picabia (1879-1953)
Jean Arp (1887-1966)
Max Ernst (1891-1976)

Constructivism (c.1917-21)
Vladimir Yevgrafovich Tatlin (1885-1953)
Alexander Rodchenko (1891-1956)
Varvara Stepanova (1894-1958)
Lyubov Popova (1889-1924)
Konstantin Medunetsky (1899-1935)
Alexei Gan (1889-1942)
See also: Constructivism Art and Artists.

Geometric Abstraction: De Stijl/Neo-Plasticism (1917-40)
Georges Vantongerloo (1866-1965)
Piet Mondrian (1872-1944)
Theo van Doesburg (1883-1931)
Josef Albers (1888-1976)
Ivan Picelj (b.1924)

Metaphysical Painting (Pittura Metafisica) (c.1918)
Giorgio De Chirico (1888-1978)
Carlo Carra (1881-1966)
Giorgio Morandi (1890-1964)

Purism (Early, mid-1920s)
Amedee Ozenfant (1886-1966)
Le Corbusier (Charles Edouard Jeanneret) (1887-1965)

Precisionism (or Cubist Realism, 1920s)
Charles Demuth (1883-1935)
Charles Sheeler (1883-1965)
Georgia O'Keeffe (1887-1986)
George Ault (1891-1948)
Ralston Crawford (1906-78)
Niles Spencer (1893-1952)
See also: Precisionism.

Mexican Mural Painters (c.1920-40)
Diego Rivera (1886-1957)
Jose Clemente Orozco (1883-1949)
David Alfaro Siqueiros (1896-1974)
Rufino Tamayo (1899-1991)

New Objectivity (Neue Sachlichkeit) (Germany, 1925-35)
Otto Dix (1891-1969)
George Grosz (1893-1959)
Christian Schad (1894-1982)
Max Beckmann (1884-1950)
Conrad Felixmuller (1897-1977)
Rudolph Schlichter (1890-1955)
Albert Carel Willink (1900-83)
Heinrich Davringhausen (1894-1970)
Anton Raderscheidt (1892-1970)
Alexander Kanoldt (1881-1939)
Georg Scholz (1890-1945)
See also: German Expressionism Art and Artists.

Surrealist Movement (1924 onwards)
Paul Klee (1879-1940)
Francis Picabia (1879-1953)
Pierre Roy (1880-1950)
Jean Arp (1887-1966)
Max Ernst (1891-1976)
Joan Miro (1893-1983)
Antonin Artaud (1896-1948)
Andre Masson (1896-1987)
Paul Delvaux (1897-1994)
Maurits Escher (1898-1972)
Rene Magritte (1898-1967)
Eileen Agar (1899-1991)
Yves Tanguy (1900-55)
Roland Penrose (1900-84)
Hans Bellmer (1902-75)
Salvador Dali (1904-89)
Frida Kahlo (1907-54)
Francis Bacon (1909-92)
Dorothea Tanning (b.1910)
Roberto Matta (1911-2002)
Lenora Carrington (b.1917)
Manolo Millarez (1926-72)
Bernard Requichot (1929-61)
Fernando Botero (b.1932)
George Deem (b.1932)
See also: Surrealist Artists.

Social Realism (late 1920s onwards)
Ben Shahn (1898-1969)
Moses Soyer (1899-1974)
Raphael Soyer (1899-1987)
Reginald Marsh (1898-1954)
William Gropper (1897-1977)
Jack Levine (b.1915)
Isabel Bishop (1902-88)
Renato Guttuso (1912-87)
For earlier painters, see: Realist Painters.

Socialist Realism (1929 onwards)
Alexander Deineka (1899-1969)
Kuzma Petrov-Vodkin (1878-1939)
Alexander Gerasimov (1881-1963)
Semyon Chuikov (1902-80)
Arkady Plastov (1893-1972)
See also: Russian Artists.
Bernhard Heisig (b.1925)
Wolfgang Mattheuer (1927-2004)
Will Sitte (b.1921)
Werner Tubke (1929-2004)

20th Century Realist Painters
Edward Hopper (1882-1967)
Maurice Utrillo (1883-1955)
Grant Wood (1892-1942)
Norman Rockwell (1894-1978)
Carel Weight (1908-97)
Andrew Wyeth (1917-2009)
Lucian Freud (b.1922)
Jack Vettriano (b.1951)

Neo-Romantics (Late 1930s)
Paul Nash (1889-1946)
Graham Sutherland (1903-80)
Michael Ayrton (1921-75)
John Craxton (b.1922)
Ivon Hitchens (1893-1979)
Eugene Berman (1899-1972)
Christian Berard (1902-49)
Pavel Tchelitchew (1898-1957)
For earlier painters, see: Romantic Artists.

Abstract Expressionists (Mid-1940s, 1950s)
Embracing Gesturalism, Action-Painting, Abstract Impressionism, Pictographs, Colour Field Painting, Hard-Edge Painting, and Post-Painterly Abstraction.
Josef Albers (1888-1976)
Bradley Walker Tomlin (1889-1953)
Mark Rothko (1903-70)
Adolph Gottlieb (1903-74)
Clyfford Still (1904-80)
Barnett Newman (1905-70)
Lee Krasner (1908-84)
Franz Kline (1910-62)
Jackson Pollock (1912-56) (see "Action Painting")
Robert Motherwell (1915-91)
Willem De Kooning (1904-97)
Morris Louis (1912-62)
William Baziotes (1912-63)
Ad Reinhardt (1913-67)
Philip Guston (1913-80)
Norman Bluhm (1920-99)
Richard Diebenkorn (1922-93)
Jules Olitski (b.1922)
Ellsworth Kelly (b.1923)
Sam Francis (1923-1994)
Kenneth Noland (b.1924)
Joan Mitchell (1926-92)
Helen Frankenthaler (b.1928)
Frank Stella (b.1936)

Art Informel (formless improvisation) (Europe mid-1940s, 1950s)
Embracing Tachisme, Calligraphy in art, Art Brut, Gutai Group of Japanese painters, Cloudism, Nuagisme.
Jean Fautrier (1898-1964)
Jean Dubuffet (1901-85)
Hans Hartung (1904-89)
Jiro Yoshihara (1905-72)
Camille Bryen (1907-77)
Maria Helena Vieria da Silva (1908-92)
Wols (Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze) (1913-51)
Jean-Michel Atlan (1913-60)
Nicolas de Stael (1914-1955)
Pierre Soulages (b.1919)
Karel Appel (1921-2006)
Georges Mathieu (b.1921)
Antoni Tapies (b.1923)
Frederic Benrath (b.1930)
Antonio Saura (1930-98)

Calligraphic Abstraction
Mark Tobey (1890-1976)
Jean Degottex (1918-88)
Pierre Alechinsky (b.1927)
Cy Twombly (b.1928)
See also: Abstract Painters.

General Abstraction
Alfred Otto Wolfgang Schulze Wols (1913-51)
Jules Olitski (1922)
Fritz Hundertwasser (1928-2000)
Victor Pasmore (1908-98)
Terry Frost (1915-2000)
Patrick Heron (1920-99)
Alan Davie (b.1920)
See also: Abstract Artists Ireland.

Kitchen Sink Art (Beaux Arts Quartet) (mid-1950s)
John Bratby (1928-92)
Derrick Greaves (b.1927)
Edward Middleditch (1923-87)
Jack Smith (b.1928)
See also: Best English Painters.

Neo-Dadaists (1950s, early 1960s)
Robert Rauschenberg (1925-2008)
Jasper Johns (b.1930)

Op-Art/Kinetic Art (1950s, 1960s)
Victor Vasarely (1908-97)
Nicholas Schoffer (1912-80)
Jesus Raphael Soto (b.1923)
Bridget Riley (b.1931)
Richard Anuszkiewicz (b.1930)

Pop Art (1950s, 1960s)
Wayne Thiebaud (b.1920)
Larry Rivers (1923-2002)
Jim Dine (b.1935)
Robert Indiana (John Clark) (b.1928)
Alex Katz (b.1927)
Roy Lichtenstein (1923-97)
Edward Ruscha (b.1937)
James Rosenquist (b.1933)
Andy Warhol (1928-87)
Sir Peter Blake (b.1932)
Patrick Caulfield (1936-2006)
Richard Hamilton (b.1922)
Allen Jones (b.1937)

Minimalists (1960s, 1970s)
Tony Smith (1912-80)
Agnes Martin (1912-2004)
Robert Ryman (b.1930)
Peter Sedgley (b.1930)
Robert Mangold (b.1937)
Brice Marden (b.1938)
Sean Scully (b.1945)

Photorealists, Superrealists (1960s, 1970s)
Richard Estes (b.1932)
Chuck Close (b.1940)
Robert Cottingham (b.1935)
Audrey Flack (b.1931)
Howard Kanowitz (1929-2009)
Ralph Goings (b.1928)
Malcolm Morley (b.1931)
John Doherty (b.1940)
Dianne Ibbotson (b.1946)
Michael Leonard (b.1933)
Michael English (b.1943)
John Salt (b.1937)
Graham Dean (b.1951)
Claude Yvel (b.1930)
Franz Gertsch (b.1930)

London School (1970s)
Francis Bacon (1909-92)
Lucian Freud (b.1922)
Leon Kossoff (b.1926)
Michael Andrews (1928-95)
Frank Auerbach (b.1931)
RB Kitaj (1932-2007)
Howard Hodgkin (b.1932)
David Hockney (b.1937)

See also: Contemporary British Painting.

Graffiti Painters (1970s, 1980s)
Jean-Michel Basquiat (1960-88)
Futura 2000 (b.1956)
Keith Haring (1958-1990)
Rammellzee (b.1960)
Blade (b.1957)
Banksy (b.1974?)
See Graffiti Art.

Neo-Expressionism (1979 onwards)
Embracing Ugly Realists, Neue Wilden, Figuration Libre, Transavanguardia, New Image Painters, "Bad Painters", and others.
Gerhard Richter (b.1932)
Georg Baselitz (b.1938)
AR Penck (b.1939)
Markus Lupertz (b.1941)
Jorg Immendorf (b.1945)
Anselm Kiefer (b.1945)
Rainer Fetting (b.1949)
Sandro Chia (b.1946)
Mimmo Paladino (b.1948)
Enzo Cucchi (b.1950)
Francesco Clemente (b.1952)
Jennifer Bartlett (b.1941)
Eric Fischl (b.1948)
Elizabeth Murray (b.1940)
Susan Rothenberg (b.1945)
Robert Longo (b.1953)
Julian Schnabel (b.1951)
David Salle (b.1952)
See also: Irish Contemporary Artists.

Contemporary Chinese Painters
Chen Yifei (b.1946)
Zhou Chunya (b.1955)
Wang Guangyi (b.1957)
Zhang Xiaogang (b.1958)
Yan Pei-Ming (b.1960)
Yue Minjun (b.1962)
Takashi Murakami (b.1962)
Liu Xiaodong (b.1963)
Fang Lijun (b.1963)
Zeng Fanzhi (b.1964).
For more, see: Contemporary Artists Top 20.

Young British Artists (YBAs) (1990s)
See also: Charles Saatchi (Art Collector)
Damien Hirst (b.1965)
Tracey Emin (b.1963)
Jak and Dinos Chapman (b.1962 and 1966)
Sarah Lucas (b.1962)
Gillian Wearing (b.1963)
Mark Wallinger (b.1959)
Marc Quinn (b.1964)
Steve McQueen (b.1969)
Rachel Whiteread (b.1963)
Marcus Harvey (b.1963)
Fiona Rae (b.1963)
Marc Quinn (b.1964)
Chris Ofili (b.1968)
Peter Doig (b.1959)
James Rielly (b.1956)
Keith Coventry (b.1958)
Simon Callery (b.1961)
Martin Maloney (b.1961)
Gary Hume (b.1962)
Ian Davenport (b.1966)
Glenn Brown (b.1966)
Cecily Brown (b.1969)
Peter Davies (b.1970)
Jenny Saville (b.1970)
For more, see: Young British Artists.
See also: Turner Prize Winners.
See also: 20th Century Irish Artists.

• For information about visual arts in Ireland, see: Irish Art Encyclopedia.


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