Leochares (4th Century BCE)

One of the leading figures in Athenian Hellenistic Greek sculpture of the 4th century BCE. Leochares' main claim to fame was that he worked on the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus with Skopas - one of the greatest sculptors of Classical Antiquity. The Mausoleum was one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World. The famous sculpture of Apollo Belvedere (Roman copy, Vatican Museum) is often attributed to Leochares.

Biography

Born in Athens, around 360 BCE, Leochares is mentioned in several ancient sources but remains an elusive figure. It is believed he worked with Skopas, along with two other sculptors, on the friezes at the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus, but it is not possible to verify that any remaining portions stored at the British Museum in London belong to him.

BEST WORKS OF SCULPTURE
For a list of the world's top 100
3-D artworks, by the best sculptors
in the history of art, see:
Greatest Sculptures Ever.

FAMOUS GREEK SCULPTORS
For biographies of the main
artists known to us from the
sculpture of ancient Greece
please see the following:
Phidias (488-431 BCE)
Myron (Active 480-444 BCE)
Polykleitos (5th century BCE)
Callimachus (Active 432-408 BCE)
Skopas (Active 395-350 BCE)
Lysippos (c.395-305 BCE)
Praxiteles (Active 375-335 BCE)

EVOLUTION OF SCULPTURE
For details about the origins
and development of the "plastic
arts", see: History of Sculpture.

In about 338 BCE, King Philip II of Macedonia commissioned him to produce sculptures of the royal family. They included statues of Philip II and his son Alexander (the Great), Amyntas III (father of Philip II), Olympias (wife of Philip II), and Eurydice II (daughter of Amyntas III). The statues were made of ivory and gold, and were placed in the Philippeion, a circular building in the Altis at Olympia, erected by Philip II of Macedon in celebration of his victory at Battle of Chaeronea.

Demeter of Cnidus

On somewhat tenuous evidence, a seated marble figure of the goddess Demeter (the Demeter of Cnidus, British Museum, London) has been attributed to Leochares' hand. It is considered one of the finest Greek sculptures to survive the 4th century BCE. The Diana of Versailles (c. 325 BCE), a slightly over life-sized marble statue of the Greek Goddess Artemis with a deer, located at the Louvre Museum in Paris, is a Roman copy of a statue originally attributed to him. Diana is represented as a slender but masculine hunter, in the full bloom of life. She looks to the right, perhaps at the deer she is about to kill, and draws an arrow from her quiver.

CLASSICAL PLASTIC ARTS
For details of Greek art and
later styles of Roman art, see:
Daedalic
Archaic Sculpture
Early Classical
High Classical Sculpture
Late Classical
Hellenistic Greek Sculpture
Greek Statues, Reliefs
Roman Sculpture
Roman Reliefs

FORMS OF SCULPTING
For different types of 3-D
carving/casting, see:
Stone Sculpture
Granite, limestone, sandstone
and other rock-types.
Marble Sculpture
Pentelic, Carrara, Parian marbles.
Wood Carving
Chip carving, relief carving of
softwoods and hardwoods.
Bronze Sculpture
Lost-wax (cire perdue) casting
method and others.

Leochares appears mainly to have focused on stand-alone sculptures and statuettes, receiving many commissions for portraits. He also worked with other artists, such as Lysippos, and together they reportedly make a group bronze at Delphi representing a lion-hunt of Alexander. He also created statues of heroes and Gods, as was standard at the time, including those of Zeus, Apollo and Ares. A statuette in the Vatican, representing Ganymede being carried away by an eagle, although poor executed (it is a copy), corresponds to a bronze casting which the Roman writher Pliny attributed to Leochares.

Legacy

Leochares remains something of a mystery in both his life and works, with opinion divided as to which sculptures can truly be attributed to him. Even so he remains a leading exemplar of the Hellenistic School of Greek sculpture. The lightness and ease with which he and other comparable 4th-century artists applied to their work were said to have influenced the arts of the Baroque period, nearly 2,000 years later.

• For more facts about plastic arts in Ireland, see: Irish Art Encyclopedia.
• For details of sculptors in Ireland, see Irish Sculpture.
• For information about clay sculpture, see: Ceramic Art.

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