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FAMOUS MEDIEVAL
SCULPTORS
Gislebertus (12th century)
Master of Cabestany (12th century)
Master Mateo (12th century)
Benedetto Antelami (active 1178-1196)
Nicola Pisano (c.1206-1278)
Giovanni Pisano (c.1250-1314)
Arnolfo di Cambio (c.1240–1310)
Giovanni di Balduccio (c.1290–1339)
Andrea Pisano (1295-1348)
Andre Beauneveu (c.1335-1400)
Claus Sluter (c.1340-1406)
Hans Multscher (c.1400-1467)
Giorgio da Sebenico (1410-1473)
Michel Colombe (c.1430-1512)
Veit Stoss (c.1447-1533)
Tilman Riemenschneider (c.1460-1531)
Gregor Erhart (c.1460-1540).
MEDIEVAL SCULPTURE
For details of the plastic arts during
the Middle Ages, see these resources:
Medieval Sculpture (c.400-1000)
From Late Antiquity to Romanesque
Medieval Artists
Painters/sculptors (1000-1400)
Romanesque Sculpture (1000-1200)
Rounded-arch Architecture/Sculpture
Gothic Sculpture (1150-1280)
Cathedral Art, Ile de France.
German Gothic Sculpture
Strasbourg, Bamberg Cathedrals
English Gothic Sculpture
Wells, Westminster Cathedrals
See also: Gothic Architecture.
SCULPTING MEDIA
For different types of carving,
and modelling, see:
Stone Sculpture
From igneous, sedimentary,
and metamorphic rocks.
Marble Sculpture
Pentelic, Carrara, Parian marbles.
Wood Carving
Chip carving, relief carving of
softwoods and hardwoods.
Bronze Sculpture
Lost-wax casting method,
sandcasting, centrifugal casting.
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Successor to Basseggio
In 1292, the Venetian government decided
to rebuild the hall of the Doges's Palace towards the Rio di Palazzo,
and during the first decade of the 14th-century the Sala dello Scrutino
(destroyed by the fire in 1577) was constructed. Filippo Calendario was
named as the chief architect and director of sculpture
when the Sala del Maggior Consiglio was being planned three decades later.
Born sometime before 1315 in Murano, Calendario
may have started his career as a shipbuilder. According to records he
was appointed Capomaestro (master architect) of the Doges' Palace in Venice,
sometime in mid-career. The Palace was the seat of government for Venice
for many centuries, and also housed the judiciary and administrative offices
of bureaucracy. The first phase of the Palace construction began in the
800s, and was rebuilt and added to many times thereafter. In about 1340
Sala del Maggior Consiglio carried out major constructional works, and
this was continued until about 1420. It is supposed that Calendario made
the capitals of the facade of the palace, under the guidance of Andrea
da Pisa. However, it is clear that the palace was constructed in two distinct
stages in later years - the windows on the eastern section of the southern
waterfront facade are on a different level to those on the western section.
The architectural style of the Doge's Palace
is unique. It adapts a northern Gothic style architecture with Venetian
Gothic characteristics. The tall arches, steeples and towers of northern
Gothic architecture were prone to subsidence, so Venetians chose to build
low squat structures, but still incorporating many typical and often exaggerated
Gothic features.
As traitors were blackened from history,
and all reference to their lives and works were to be annihilated, very
few references to Calendario or his work exist today. The only building
we know he definitely worked on, the Doge's Palace, was in a sad irony,
to be the place of his execution. He was hung from a column of the palace.
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